Educational accountability systems / Robert L. Linn -- A brief history of accountability testing, 1965-2007 / Lorrie A. Shepard -- The politics of educational accountability: can the clock be turned back? / Lorraine M. McDonnell -- Further steps toward the development of an accountability-oriented science of measurement / Daniel Koretz -- Reliability of large-scale assessment and accountability systems / Vonda L. Kiplinger -- Equating and linking of educational assessments in high-stakes accountability systems / Vonda L. Kiplinger and Laura S. Hamilton -- Standard setting / Edward H. Haertel -- Toward a normative understanding of student growth / Damian W. Betebenner -- Causes and effects / Derek C. Briggs and Edward W. Wiley -- Fairness issues and educational accountability / Katherine E. Ryan -- Accountability and assessment: is public interest in K-12 education being served? / Joan L. Herman -- A view from the teacher trenches: accountability and the betrayal of the standards vision / Bella Rosenberg -- Data for school improvement and educational accountability: reliability and validity in practice / M. David Miller -- Enhanced assessment for school accountability and student achievement / Stephen B. Dunbar -- Learning and assessment in an accountability context / Eva. L. Barker -- Future directions for educational accountability: notes for a political economy of measurement / Michael J. Feuer